9781608315727

Table of Contents


SECTION ONE	FUEL METABOLISM	1
1	Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components	3
2	The Fed or Absorptive State	21
3	Fasting	30
SECTION TWO	CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF BIOCHEMISTRY	39
4	Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers	41
5	Structures of the Major Compounds of the Body	54
6	Amino Acids in Proteins	70
7	Structure-Function Relationships in Proteins	88
8	Enzymes as Catalysts	112
9	Regulation of Enzymes	135
10	Relationship between Cell Biology and Biochemistry	152
11	Cell Signaling by Chemical Messengers	171
SECTION THREE	GENE EXPRESSION AND THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS	191
12	Structure of the Nucleic Acids	193
13	Synthesis of DNA	209
14	Transcription: Synthesis of RNA	227
15	Translation: Synthesis of Proteins	248
16	Regulation of Gene Expression	265
17	Use of Recombinant DNA Techniques in Medicine	288
18	The Molecular Biology of Cancer	310
SECTION FOUR	FUEL OXIDATION AND THE GENERATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE	333
19	Cellular Bioenergetics: ATP and O₂	336
20	Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle	355
21	Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Function	377
22	Generation of Adenosine Triphosphate from Glucose: Glycosis	396
23	Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies	414
24	Oxygen Toxicity and Free Radical Injury	437
25	Metabolism of Ethanol	457
SECTION FIVE	CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM	473
26	Basic Concepts in the Regulation of Fuel Metabolism by Insulin, Glucagon, and Other Hormones	477
27	Digestion, Absorption, and Transport of Carbohydrates	493
28	Formation and Degradation of Glycogen	512
29	Pathways of Sugar Metabolism: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Fructose, and Galactose Metabolism	529
30	Synthesis of Glycosides, Lactose, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids	544
31	Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels	559
SECTION SIX	LIPID METABOLISM	583
32	Digestion and Transport of Dietary Lipids	585
33	Synthesis of Fatty Acids, Triacyiglycerols, and the Major Membrane Lipids	597
34	Cholesterol Absorption, Synthesis, Metabolism, and Fate	626
35	Metabolism of the Eicosanoids	663
36	Integration of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism	678
SECTION SEVEN	NITROGEN METABOLISM	693
37	Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption	696
38	Fate of Amino Acid Nitrogen: Urea Cycle	707
39	Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids	723
40	Tetrahydrofolate, Vitamin B_l2, and S-Adenosylmethionine	744
41	Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism	759
42	Intertissue Relationships in the Metabolism of Amino Acids	774
SECTION EIGHT	TISSUE METABOLISM	795
43	Actions of Hormones That Regulate Fuel Metabolism	797
44	The Biochemistry of Erythrocytes and Other Blood Cells	823
45	Blood Plasma Proteins, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis	847
46	Liver Metabolism	863
47	Metabolism of Muscle at Rest and during Exercise	884
48	Metabolism of the Nervous System	903
49	The Extracellular Matrix and Connective Tissue	927
Appendix	Answers to Review Questions	944
	Index	969