Preface

iii

Introduction

v

UNIT I

THE BODY AS A WHOLE

1

1

Organization of the Human Body

2

2

Chemistry, Matter, and Life

20

3

Cells and Their Functions

37

4

Tissues, Glands, and Membranes

55

5

The Integumentary System

70

UNIT II

MOVEMENT AND SUPPORT

81

6

The Skeleton: Bones and Joints

82

7

The Muscular System

111

UNIT III

COORDINATION AND CONTROL

133

8

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

134

9

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

152

10

The Sensory System

169

11

The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones

188

UNIT IV

CIRCULATION AND BODY DEFENSE

205

12

The Blood

206

13

The Heart

224

14

Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation

241

15

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

264

UNIT V

ENERGY: SUPPLY AND USE

285

16

The Respiratory System

286

17

The Digestive System

301

18

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Body Temperature

324

19

The Urinary System and Body Fluids

336

UNIT VI

PERPETUATION OF LIFE

363

20

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

364

21

Development and Heredity

384