PART I

GENERAL ASPECTS

1

Transition from the Fetal to the Neonatal Circulation   Daniel Sidi and Eduardo M. da Cruz

3

2

Triage and Transport of Infants and Children with Cardiac Disease   Bradley A. Kuch and Richard A. Orr

13

3

Airway Control, Mechanical Ventilation, and Respiratory Care   Shekhar T. Venkataraman

23

4

Heart-Lung Interactions   Shekhar T. Venkataraman

33

5

Cardiac Catheterization   Jacqueline Kreutzer

37

6

Echocardiography   Cécile Tissot, Adel K. Younoszai, and Christina Phelps

57

7

Cardiac Anesthesia   Edmund H. Jooste

77

8

A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Review   Carol G. Vetterly and Demise L. Howrie

83

9

Sedation and Analgesia   Edmund H. Jooste, Steven E. Litchenstein, and Peter J. Davis

89

10

Monitoring of the Cardiac Patient   Evelyn Lechner

97

11

The Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery   Ana Maria Manrique, Kent Kelly, and Steven E. Litchenstein

103

12

Nursing Care of the Pediatric Cardiac Patient   Erin L. Colvin, Dana Shiderly, Tamara Maihle, and Dana Casciato

121

13

Cardiac Database and Risk Factor Assessment. Outcomes Analysis for Congenital Cardiac Disease   Jeffrey P. Jacobs

127

PART II

SPECIFIC CARDIAC LESIONS

14

Patent Ductus Arteriosus   Deborah Kozik, Dunbar Ivy, Jill Ibrahim, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Steven Goldberg, Jeffrey Darst, Jonathan Kaufman, Victor O. Morell, and Eduardo M. da Cruz

145

15

Atrial Septal Defects   Steven P. Goldberg, Deborah Kozik, Lisa B. Willis, and Eduardo M. da Cruz

159

16

Ventricular Septal Defects   Diego Mouguillanski, Traci M. Kazmerski, Ricardo Muñoz, and Victor O. Morell

169

17

Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects   Jonathan Kaufman, Steven Goldberg, Jill Ibrahim, Dunbar Ivy, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Shannon Buckvold, Cécile Tissot, Christina Phelps, Victor O. Morell, and Eduardo M. da Cruz

177

18

Aortopulmonary Window   Diego Mouguillansky, Ricardo Muñoz, and Victor O. Morell

191

19

Tetralogy of Fallot   Constantinos Chrysostomou, Yuliya A. Domnina, Traci M. Kazmerski, Ricardo Muñoz, and Victor O. Morell

199

20

Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve   Constantinos Chrysostomou, Michael Tsifansky, and Victor O. Morell

207

21

Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia   Constantinos Chrysostomou, Yuliya A. Domnina, Traci M. Kazmerski, Ricardo Muñoz, and Victor O. Morell

213

22

Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Interventricular Septum   Constantinos Chrysostomou, Jacqueline Kreutzer, and Victor O. Morell

221

23

Pulmonary Stenosis   Yuliya A. Domnina, Ricardo Munoz, Jackie Kreutzer, and Victor O. Morell

231

24

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction   Michael Tsifansky, Ricardo Muñoz, and Victor O. Morell

241

25

Coarctation of the Aorta   Michael Tsifansky, Ricardo Muñoz, Jacqueline Kreutzer, and Victor O. Morell

257

26

Interrupted Aortic Arch   Ricardo Muñoz, Michael Tsifansky, and Victor O. Morell

267

27

Mitral Valve Anomalies and Related Disorders   Cecile Tissot, Eduardo M. da Cruz, Afksendyios Kalangos, and Shannon Buck void

273

28

Mitral Stenosis   Kristin P. Barton, Jacqueline Kreutzer, Victor O. Morell, and Ricardo Muñoz

301

29

Prosthetic Valves   Peter D. Wearden

313

30

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome   Yuliya A. Domnina, Ricardo Muñoz, Traci M. Kazmerski, Jackie Kreutzer, and Victor O. Morell

323

31

Single Ventricle. General Aspects   Eduardo M. da Cruz, Steven Goldberg, Jonathan Kaufman, Alison Artico, Sara Mackie, Jessica Church, Amy Stimmler, Jody Rutz, Deborah Kozik, Dunbar Ivy, François Lacour-Gayet, and Pascal Vouhé

331

32

Anomalous Pulmonary Veins   Michael Tsifansky, Ricardo Muñoz, Traci M. Kazmerski, Jackie Kreutzer, and Victor O. Morell

349

33

Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries   Rukmini Komarlu, Victor O. Morell, Jackie Kreutzer, and Ricardo Muñoz

359

34

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA) or Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries (1-TGA)   Rukmini Komarlu, Victor O. Morell, Michael Tsifansky, and Ricardo Muñoz

375

35

Truncus Arteriosus   Eduardo M. da Cruz, Steven Goldberg, Victor O. Morell, Bertrand Léobon, Mohammed Ly, Chokri Kortas, and Alain Serraf

383

36

Double Outlet Right Ventricle   Ectuardo M. da Cruz, Jonathan Kaufman, Steven Goldberg, Jeffrey Darst, Deborah Kozik, David Campbell, Max Mitchell, and François Lacour-Gayet

399

37

Ebstein’s Disease   Eduardo M. da Cruz, Jonathan Kaufman, Victor O. Morell, Cécile Tissot, Shannon Buckvold, Steven Goldberg, Dunbar Ivy, Jill Ibrahim, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, and Afksendyios Kalangos

411

38

Anomalous Coronary Arteries   Eduardo M. da Cruz, Jonathan Kaufman, Steven Goldberg, Thomas Fagan, Christina Phelps, Cécile Tissot, Deborah Kozik, Max Mitchell, David Campbell, and Victor O. Morell

423

39

Aortic Valve Regurgitation   Michael Tsifansky, Victor O. Morell, and Ricardo Muñoz

435

40

Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Sling   Yuliya A. Domina, Sang Park, and Victor O. Morell

439

41

Takayasu Arteritis   Yuliya A. Domnina and Ricardo Muñoz

445

42

Aortic Dissection   Yuliya A. Domnina and Victor O. Morell

449

43

Tracheal Reconstruction   Nick Pigott and Martin Elliott

455

PART III

OTHER TOPICS

44

Acute Pulmonary Hypertension   Maurice Beghetti and Eduardo M. da Cruz

469

45

Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension   Dunbar Ivy and Asrar Rashid

483

46

Acute Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathies   Brian Feingold and Steven A. Webber

507

47

Pericardial Diseases   Cécile Tissot, Christina M. Phelps, Eduardo M. da Cruz, and Shelley D. Miyamoto

521

48

Infective Endocarditis   Nilanjana Misra and Eric S. Quivers

543

49

Cardiac Failure   Cécile Tissot, Eduardo M. da Cruz, and Shelley Miyamoto

557

50

Shock in the Cardiac Patient: A Brief Overview   Eduardo M. da Cruz and Jonathan Kaufman

573

51

Mechanical Circulatory Support in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery   Peter D. Wearden, Ana Maria Manrique, and Kent Kelly

587

52

Heart Transplantation   Steven A. Webber and Victor O. Morell

603

53

Arrhythmias in the Intensive Care Unit   Lee Beerman, Gaurav Arora, and Sang C Park

619

54

Pacemakers (Temporary and Permanent), Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy   Gaurav Arora and Lee Beerman

637

55

Discontinuation of Life: Ethical and Legal Issues   Denis Devictor and Pierre Tissières

645

PART IV

THE CHALLENGE OF EXTRA-CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS

56

Respiratory Complications: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Chylothorax, Diaphragmatic Palsy, and Functional and Respiratory Physiotherapy   Jennifer Exo and Ricardo Muñoz

653

57

Gastrointestinal Complications: Necrotizing Enterocoiitis, Malrotation, and Protein Losing Enteropathy   Joanne K. Snyder, Katherine Barsness, and Ricardo Muñoz

661

58

Malnutrition and Feeding Difficulties: Guidelines for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition   Michael K. Shoykhet, Kristyn S. Lowery, and Carol G. Vetterly

671

59

Hematological Aspects: Anticoagulation, Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, Plasma Exchange   Peter H. Shaw

679

60

Renal Failure and Replacement Therapy   Richard A. Orr, Rhonda Gengler, and Michael Moritz

687

61

Neurogical Complications: Intracranial Bleeding, Stroke and Seizures   Robyn A. Filipink and Michael J. Painter

705

62

Infections in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit   Glenda V. Wright and Marian G. Michaels

715

63

Skin Protection   Rose Marie Faber and Erin L. Colvin

723

Index

729