SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

Overview

Introduction to Traumatic Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-2

Traumatic Injury, Special Topics

Stress/Insufficiency Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-4

Pathologic Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-10

Physeal Injury (Salter-Harris)   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-16

Child Abuse: The Extremities   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-22

Muscle Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-26

Hematoma   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-30

Foreign Body   Andrew Sonin, MD

1-36

SECTION 2

SHOULDER AND HUMERUS

Introduction and Overview

Shoulder and Humerus Overview   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-2

Osseous Pathology

Sternoclavicular Trauma   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-8

Clavicle Fracture   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-12

Acromioclavicular Joint Injury   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-14

Post-Traumatic Osteolysis Distal Clavicle   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-18

Scapular Trauma   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-20

Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-24

Posterior Glenohumeral Dislocation   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-28

Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocation and Luxatio Erecta   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-32

Greater Tuberosity Fracture   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-34

Osteochondral Injury, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-36

Humeral Head/Neck Fracture   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-38

Little Leaguer’s Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-42

Tug Lesion, Humerus   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-44

Humeral Shaft Fracture   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-46

Musculotendinous Pathology

Shoulder Girdle

Pectoralis Injury   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-48

Deltoid Muscle Injury   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-52

Proximal Triceps Injury   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-56

Rotator Cuff

Rotator Cuff Impingement   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-58

Os Acromiale   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-64

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-68

Rotator Cuff Partial Thickness Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-72

Rotator Cuff Full Thickness Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-78

Rotator Interval Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-84

Subscapularis Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-88

Rotator Cuff Postoperative Repair   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-92

Calcific Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-98

Proximal Biceps Tendon

Biceps Tendinopathy, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-102

Biceps Tendon Tear, Intraarticular   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-106

Biceps Tendon Dislocation   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-110

Ligamentous Pathology

Instability and Labrum

Normal Labral Variants   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-114

Adhesive Capsulitis, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-118

Bankart Lesion   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-122

Bankart Variation Lesions   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-126

ALPSA Lesion   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-130

GLAD/GARD Lesion   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-134

HAGL Lesion   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-136

Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Injury   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-138

Bennett Lesion   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-140

Posterior Labral Tear, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-142

Extended Labral Tears   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-146

Multidirectional Instability, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-148

Postoperative Labral and Instability Repair   Shoulder Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-150

Superior Labrum

SLAP Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-154

Extended Slap Tear   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-160

Combined Cuff and Labral Lesions

Internal Impingement, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-164

Microinstability, Shoulder   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-170

Neurogenic Pathology

Suprascapular and Spinoglenoid Notch Cysts   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-172

Rotator Cuff Denervation Syndromes   Michael J. Tuite, MD

2-176

SECTION 3

ELBOW

Introduction and Overview

Elbow Overview   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-2

Osseous Pathology

Distal Humeral Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-6

Transcondylar Fracture, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-10

Lateral Condylar Fracture, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-14

Medial Condylar Fracture, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-18

Capitellum Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-22

Elbow Dislocation   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-28

Monteggia Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-34

Radial Head/Neck Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-38

Olecranon Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-44

Coronoid Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-50

Forearm Fractures   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-52

Ligamentous Pathology

Radial Collateral Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-56

Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-58

Annular Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-60

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-62

Valgus Stress Mechanism/Little Leaguer’s Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-68

Tendinous Pathology

Biceps Tendon Injury, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-74

Bicipitoradial Bursitis   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-80

Brachialis Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-82

Triceps Tendon Injury, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-84

Common Extensor Tendon Injury, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-88

Common Flexor/Pronator Tendon Injury, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-94

Other Pathology

Intraarticular Bodies, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-100

Olecranon Bursitis   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-106

Synovial Fringe, Elbow   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-110

Anconeus Epitrochlearis   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-112

Neuropathies

Ulnar Nerve Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-114

Median Nerve Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-120

Radial Nerve Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

3-124

SECTION 4

WRIST AND HAND

Introduction and Overview

Wrist and Hand Overview   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-2

Ossicles and Sesamoids, Hand and Wrist   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-6

Acronyms and Eponyms, Hand and Wrist   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-12

Osseous Pathology

Distal Radius and Ulna

Juvenile Distal Forearm Fractures   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-16

Distal Radius Fracture   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-22

Die-Punch Fracture   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-28

Ulnar Styloid Fracture   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-30

Distal Radiouinar Fracture, Postoperative   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-32

Trauma-Related Osteolysis in Children   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-36

Distal Radiouinar Joint Instability   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-40

Wrist

Scaphoid Fracture   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-44

Scaphoid Fracture, Postoperative   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-50

Carpal Fracture, Other Than Scaphoid   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-54

Carpal Dislocation   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-60

Carpal Impaction Syndromes   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-66

Ulnar Impingement Syndrome   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-70

Hand

Metacarpal Fracture and Dislocation   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-72

Finger Fracture and Dislocation   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-78

Ligamentous Pathology

Wrist

Intrinsic Ligament Tear, Wrist   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-84

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-90

Carpal Instability   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-96

Hand

Collateral Ligament Injury, Fingers and Thumb   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-102

Tendinous Pathology

Flexor Tendon Injury, Wrist and Fingers   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-108

Extensor Tendon Injury, Wrist and Fingers   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-114

Other Pathology

Ganglion Cyst, Wrist   Julia Crirn, MD and Andrew Sonin, MD

4-120

Vascular Injury, Wrist and Hand   Carol L. Andrews, MD

4-124

Neuropathies

Nerve Entrapment Syndromes, Wrist   Carol L Andrews, MD

4-128

SECTION 5

HIP AND PELVIS

Introduction and Overview

Hip and Pelvis Overview   Adam Zoga, MD

5-2

Osseous Pathology

Hip and Proximal Femur

Femoral Head Fracture   Adam Zoga, MD

5-8

Femoral Neck Fracture   Adam Zoga, MD

5-12

Trochanteric and Intertrochanteric Fracture   Adam Zoga, MD

5-18

Subtrochanteric and Femoral Shaft Fracture   Adam Zoga, MD

5-24

Hip Dislocation   Adam Zoga, MD

5-30

Chondral and Osteochondral Injury, Hip   Adam Zoga, MD

5-36

Pelvis

Acetabular Fracture   Adam Zoga, MD

5-40

Pelvic Fracture, Stable   Adam Zoga, MD

5-46

Pelvic Fracture, Unstable   Adam Zoga, MD

5-50

Pelvic Stress and Insufficiency Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD and Adam Zoga, MD

5-56

Osteitis Pubis, Post-Traumatic   Adam Zoga, MD

5-62

Pelvic Avulsion Fracture/Apophysitis   Adam Zoga, MD

5-66

Postoperative Imaging

Pelvis/Hip/Femur Trauma, Postoperative Appearance   Julia Crim, MD

5-72

FAI and Adult DDH, Postoperative Appearance   Julia Crim, MD

5-76

Labroligamentous Pathology

Acetabular Labral Tear   Adam Zoga, MD

5-80

Femoral Acetabular Impingement and Dysplasia   Adam Zoga, MD

5-86

Hip Labral Trauma, Postoperative   Adam Zoga, MD

5-92

Ligamentum Teres Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-94

Musculotendinous Pathology

Hip Internal and External Rotator Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-96

Hip Flexor Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-102

Hip Adductor Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-108

Snapping Hip Syndrome   Adam Zoga, MD

5-112

Proximal Hamstring Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-116

Abdominal Muscle Injury   Adam Zoga, MD

5-122

Sports Hernia   Adam Zoga, MD

5-126

True Hernias   Adam Zoga, MD

5-132

Other Pathology

Bursitis, Hip and Pelvis   Adam Zoga, MD

5-134

Piriformis Syndrome and Nerve Injuries of the Pelvis   Adam Zoga, MD

5-140

SECTION 6

KNEE

Introduction and Overview

Knee Overview   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-2

Osseous and Chondral Pathology

Distal Femoral Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-8

Tibial Plateau Fracture   B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

6-14

Tibiofemoral Dislocation   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-18

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint and Proximal Fibular Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-24

Patellar Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-28

Avulsive Injury, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-34

Stress Injury, Leg   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-38

Toddler Fracture   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-44

Osteochondral Injury, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-46

Chondral Injury, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-52

Subchondral Fracture, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-58

Articular Cartilage: Postoperative Imaging   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-64

Ligamentous Pathology

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-70

Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Postoperative Imaging   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-76

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-82

Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-88

Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex, Knee   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-94

Posterolateral Corner Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-100

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-104

Meniscal Pathology

Meniscal Pitfalls and Variants   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-108

Discoid Meniscus   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-114

Meniscal Degeneration   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-118

Meniscal Horizontal Tear   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-120

Meniscal Radial Tear   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-124

Meniscal Vertical Longitudinal Tear   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-128

Meniscal Bucket-Handle Tear   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-134

Other Displaced Meniscal Tears   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-138

Complex Meniscal Tear   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-144

Meniscocapsular Separation   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-146

Popliteomeniscal Fascicles   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-148

Parameniscal Cyst   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-150

Intrameniscal Cyst   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-154

Meniscal Ossicle   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-155

Postoperative Imagingofmenisd   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-156

Tendon Pathology

Quadriceps Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-162

Patellar Tendon Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-168

Transient Patellar Dislocation   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-174

Pes Anserine Bursitis   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-180

Posteromedial Corner Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-182

Other Pathology

Popliteal Cyst   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-186

Intercondylar Notch Cyst   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-192

Prepatellar and Pretibial Bursitis   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-196

Deep Infrapatellar Bursitis   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-200

Medial Patellar Plica Syndrome   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-202

Peroneal Nerve Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-206

Compartment Syndrome and Muscle Herniation   Andrew Sonin, MD

6-210

SECTION 7

ANKLE AND FOOT

Introduction and Overview

Ankle and Foot Overview   Fulia Crim, MD

7-2

Osseous Injuries

Accessory Ossicles, Ankle and Foot   Julia Crim, MD

7-8

Pilon Fracture   Julia Crim, MD

7-14

Malleolar Fracture   Julia Crim, MD

7-18

Ankle Dislocation   Julia Crim, MD

7-24

Osteochondral Injury, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-28

Fracture of Talar Body and Process   Julia Crim, MD

7-34

Talus Neck and Head Fracture   Julia Crim, MD

7-38

Talus Dislocation   Julia Crim, MD

7-42

Calcaneus Fracture, Intraarticular   Julia Crim, MD

7-46

Calcaneus Fracture, Nonarticular   Julia Crim, MD

7-52

Navicular Fracture and Dislocation   Julia Crim, MD

7-56

Cuboid Fracture   Julia Crim, MD

7-62

Lisfranc Ligament Injury   Julia Crim, MD

7-66

Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation   Julia Crim, MD

7-70

Metatarsal Fracture   Julia Crim, MD

7-74

Phalangeal Fracture and Dislocation, Foot   Julia Crim, MD

7-78

Stress and Insufficiency Fracture, Ankle and Foot   Julia Crim, MD

7-82

Salter-Harris Fracture, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-86

Freiberg Infraction   Julia Crim, MD

7-90

Ligament Injuries

Syndesmosis Ligament Injury, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-92

Ankle Sprain   Julia Crim, MD

7-96

Deltoid Ligament Injury   Julia Crim, MD

7-100

Spring Ligament Injury   Julia Crim, MD

7-106

Superior Peroneal Retinaculum Avulsion   Julia Crim, MD

7-110

Flexor Retinaculum Avulsion   Julia Crim, MD

7-114

MTP Ligament Injury, Digit 1   Julia Crim, MD

7-118

MTP Ligament Injury, Digits 2-5   Julia Crim, MD

7-122

Musculotendinous Injuries

Accessory Muscles, Ankle and Foot   Julia Crim, MD

7-126

Achilles Tendon Tear and Tendinopathy   Julia Crim, MD

7-130

Plantaris Tendon Injury   Andrew Sonin, MD

7-136

Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Tear Impingement, and Tendinopathy   Julia Crim, MD

7-138

Posterior Tibial Tendon Tear and Tendinopathy   Julia Crim, MD

7-142

Extensor Tendon Tear and Tendinopathy   Julia Crim, MD

7-148

Peroneal Tendon Tear and Tendinopathy   Julia Crim, MD

7-152

Tears of Intrinsic Foot Muscle and Plantar Fascia   Julia Crim, MD

7-158

Ankle Impingement Syndromes

Anterior Impingement Syndrome, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-162

Posterior Impingement, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-166

Os Trigonum Syndrome   Robert Hastings, MD and Julia Crim, MD

7-168

Miscellaneous Causes of Foot Pain

Haglund Syndrome   Julia Crim, MD

7-172

Tarsal Sinus Syndrome   Julia Crim, MD

7-174

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome   Julia Crim, MD

7-178

Plantar Fasciitis   Julia Crim, MD

7-182

Ankle and Subtalar Instability   Julia Crim, MD

7-184

Sever Disease   Julia Crim, MD

7-190

Postoperative Ankle and Foot

Lateral Ligament Reconstruction, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-192

Tendon Repair, Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-194

Amputation, Foot/Ankle   Julia Crim, MD

7-196