Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

Introduction to the Continuing Education (CE) Contact Hour Application Process

v

Chapter 1

Taking the Certification Examination

1

 

General Suggestions for Preparing for the Exam

 

 

About the Certification Exams

 

Chapter 2

Ethical and Legal Issues

9

 

Ethics

 

 

Ethical Principles

 

 

Regulation of Nursing Practice

 

 

Legal Aspects

 

Chapter 3

Theory: Nursing and Health

21

 

General Comments Regarding Theory

 

 

Nursing Theory

 

 

Human Behavior

 

 

Community-Level Behavior Change

 

 

Organizational Change

 

 

Family Dynamics

 

 

Crisis Theory

 

Chapter 4

Leadership

33

 

Leadership

 

 

Team Building

 

 

Case Management

 

 

Total Quality Management

 

 

Continuous Quality Improvement

 

 

Outcome Evaluation

 

 

Program Certification

 

 

Magnet Recognition Program

 

Chapter 5

Research

43

 

Problem Identification

 

 

Research Method

 

 

Qualitative Methods

 

 

Ensuring Trustworthiness

 

 

Quantitative Methods

 

 

Data Collection Strategies

 

 

Protection of Human Rights

 

 

Data Analysis

 

 

Evidence-Based Practice

 

 

Outcomes Evaluation

 

Chapter 6

Communication, Education, and Counseling

59

 

Communication

 

 

Patient Education and Adult Learning

 

 

Patient Education Process

 

 

Patient Education and Counseling

 

 

Health Self-Management

 

 

Discharge Planning

 

Chapter 7

Cardiac and Vascular Risk

77

 

Coronary Heart Disease

 

 

Stroke

 

 

Peripheral Vascular Disease

 

 

Overall Cardiac and Vascular Risk

 

Chapter 8

Risk Reduction

93

 

Levels of Prevention

 

 

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

 

 

Tobacco Use and Exposure

 

 

Nutrition

 

 

Exercise and Activity

 

 

Cardiac Rehabilitation

 

Chapter 9

Hypertension Management

107

 

Normal Blood Pressure

 

 

Regulation of Blood Pressure

 

 

Hypertension

 

 

Sleep Apnea and Hypertension

 

 

Clinical Assessment with Hypertension

 

 

Management of Hypertension

 

Chapter 10

Dyslipidemia Management

123

 

Understanding Lipoprotein Structure, Function, and Metabolism

 

 

Hyperlipidemia

 

 

Screening for Atherosclerosis Risk

 

 

ATP III Guidelines

 

 

Implications for Nursing Practice

 

 

Treatment of Dyslipidemia

 

 

Metabolic Syndrome

 

 

New Approaches to Lipid Assessment

 

Chapter 11

Pathophysiologic Processes

135

 

Pathophysiologic Stimuli

 

 

Cellular Structure and Function

 

 

Cellular Injury and Death

 

 

Vascular Structure and Function

 

 

Cardiac Structure and Function

 

 

Cardiac Muscle Cells

 

 

Cerebral Circulation

 

 

Vascular Cell Response to Injury

 

 

Hypoxia and Ischemia

 

 

Inflammation

 

 

Atherosclerosis

 

 

Thrombosis and Embolism

 

 

Altered Vascular Function

 

 

Altered Cardiac Function

 

Chapter 12

Cardiac and Vascular Assessment

163

 

Basic Principles

 

 

Subjective Information (History)

 

 

Physical Examination

 

 

Diagnostic Tests

 

 

Laboratory Tests Using Blood

 

 

Noninvasive Diagnostic Testing

 

 

Diagnostic Ultrasonography

 

 

Diagnostic Testing Using Radionuclides

 

 

Invasive Diagnostic Testing

 

Chapter 13

Cardiac and Vascular Disease Manifestations

201

 

Angina Pectoris

 

 

Myocardial Infarction

 

 

Valvular Heart Disease

 

 

Mitral Stenosis

 

 

Mitral Regurgitation

 

 

Aortic Stenosis

 

 

Aortic Regurgitation

 

 

Infective Endocarditis

 

 

Acute Pericarditis

 

 

Dilated Congestive Cardiomyopathy

 

 

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

 

 

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

 

 

Heart Failure

 

 

Atrial Fibrillation

 

 

Atrial Flutter

 

 

First-Degree Atrioventricular Block

 

 

Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type I

 

 

Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type II

 

 

Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block, Complete Heart Block

 

 

Ventricular Tachycardia

 

 

Ventricular Fibrillation

 

 

Sudden Cardiac Death

 

 

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

 

 

Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease

 

 

Acute Management of Thrombotic CVA

 

 

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

 

 

Upper Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease

 

 

Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease

 

 

Deep Vein Thrombosis

 

 

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

 

Chapter 14

Invasive Management of Cardiac and Vascular Disease

273

 

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

 

 

Coronary Atherectomy

 

 

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Lower Extremity

 

 

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Carotid Artery

 

 

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Renal Artery

 

 

Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty

 

 

Pacemakers

 

 

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

 

 

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

 

 

Valvular Repair and Valvular Replacement

 

 

Arterial Bypass Surgery

 

 

Aneurysm Repair

 

 

Carotid Endarterectomy

 

 

Peripheral Thromboembolectomy

 

 

Overview of Cardiac Transplantation

 

Chapter 15

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

317

 

Adrenergic Group

 

 

Inotropic Agents

 

 

Antidysrhythmics

 

 

Vasodilators

 

 

Calcium Channel Blockers

 

 

Drugs Influencing the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

 

 

Diuretics

 

 

Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic, and Thrombolytic Drugs

 

 

Antihyperlipidemics

 

 

Other Approaches to Hyperlipidemia

 

Chapter 16

Special Situations

355

 

Emergency Conditions

 

 

Acute Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema

 

 

Race, Ethnic, Gender, and Cultural Considerations

 

 

Comorbid or Concomitant Conditions

 

 

Specific Nursing Interventions

 

Chapter 17

Psychosocial Aspects

371

 

Coping and Adaptation

 

 

Quality of Life

 

Appendix A

Review Questions

381

Appendix B

Answers to the Review Questions

391

 

Index

397

 

About the Author

409