This book makes a critical examination of how anthropological and other interpretative social science research has been utilized in the field of HIV/AIDS studies. It argues that most research uncritically addresses the epidemic in terms of the questions and the research methods favored by biomedicine, and that the failure to draw on high-quality qualitative anthropological and other social science research in the modeling of the epidemic and in the design and implementation of AIDS control interventions has rendered these less successful than they might otherwise have been.