This second edition has been updated to provide the latest advancements in heart failure research. Supplemented by more than 200 high-quality figures and illustrations, the book helps cardiologists and emergency care physicians quickly and accurately identify the cause and severity of a patient’s cardiac impairment. New topics in this edition include developments in mechanical and pharmacologic treatments, discoveries in developmental biology and imaging modalities, surgical options for mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation, and pharmacogenomics and gene-based and cell-based therapies. The book also discusses gene expression/recurrence in heart failure and changes in metabolic substrate utilization and pathways.