Fluoride in water is a controversial topic that has been the subject of much discussion but short on documented scientific information. Fluoride at very low levels in drinking water and the use of fluoridated toothpaste have been of unquestionable value in the prevention of tooth decay. However, at higher levels, fluoride ion, F- , is toxic in soluble fluoride salts, such as NaF, causing fluorosis, a condition characterized by bone abnormalities. Livestock are especially susceptible to poisoning from fluoride fallout on grazing land. The need for effective methods of treatment for fluoride contaminated wastes and materials is obvious and this book should be helpful in meeting that need.